Elasticsearch Index mapping type 종류 및 차이점

 

 

Elasitcsearch 로컬 실행

 

2022.07.12 - [docker] - Docker + Elasticsearch, Kibana 구성 (single node)

Docker + Elasticsearch, Kibana 구성 (single node)

 

type

1. 종류

종류	설명
text	문자열, 전문 텍스트(full text) 검색용 (역색인 구조)
keyword	문자열, 형태소 분석을 하지 않음
byte, short, integer, long	정수
float, double, half_float, scaled_float	실수
data	날짜
boolean	true, false
list	리스트 각 데이터 타입은 동일해야함
object	한 필드 안에 하위 필드를 가질수 있음 필드 내부에 있는 값 들을 모두 하나의 도큐먼트로 취급
nested	한 필드 안에 하위 필드를 가질수 있음 필드 내부에 있는 값 들을 모두 별개의 도큐먼트로 취급

 

2. 비교

2-1 text vs keyword

• text : 전문 텍스트(full text) 검색용 (역 색인 구조)
• keyword : 형태소 분석을 하지 않음

 

text

PUT product-text
{
	"mappings": {
		"properties": {
			"name": {
				"type": "text"
			}
		}
	}
}

POST product-text/_doc
{
	"name": "samsung laptop"
}

GET product-text/_search
{
	"query": {
		"match": {
			"name": "laptop"
		}
	}
}

데이터 있음

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.2876821,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "product-text",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "k5lCNoMBEcCPHPUCzBjv",
        "_score" : 0.2876821,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "samsung laptop"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

 

keyword

PUT product-keyword
{
	"mappings": {
		"properties": {
			"name": {
				"type": "keyword"
			}
		}
	}
}

POST product-keyword/_doc/1
{
	"name": "samsung laptop"
}

GET product-keyword/_search
{
	"query": {
		"match": {
			"name": "laptop"
		}
	}
}

데이터 없음

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 0,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : null,
    "hits" : [ ]
  }
}

 

 

2-2 object vs netsted

• object : 필드 내부에 있는 값 들을 하나의 도큐먼트로 취급
• netsted : 필드 내부에 있는 값 들을 모두 별개의 도큐먼트로 취급

 

object

PUT product-object
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "detail": {
        "properties": {
          "gift": {
            "type": "text"
          },
          "maker": {
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT product-object/_doc/1
{
  "detail": [
    {
      "gift" : "마우스패드",
      "maker": "레노버"
    },
    {
      "gift" : "키보드",
      "maker": "한성"
    }
  ]
}

PUT product-object/_doc/2
{
  "detail": [
    {
      "gift" : "헤드셋",
      "maker": "삼성"
    },
    {
      "gift" : "마우스패드",
      "maker": "한성"
    }
  ]
}


GET product-object/_search
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        {
          "match": {
            "detail.gift": "마우스패드"
          }
        },
        {
          "match": {
            "detail.maker": "한성"
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

결과 2개

{
  "took" : 1,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 2,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 0.36464313,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "product-object",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 0.36464313,
        "_source" : {
          "detail" : [
            {
              "gift" : "마우스패드",
              "maker" : "레노버"
            },
            {
              "gift" : "키보드",
              "maker" : "한성"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "product-object",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.36464313,
        "_source" : {
          "detail" : [
            {
              "gift" : "헤드셋",
              "maker" : "삼성"
            },
            {
              "gift" : "마우스패드",
              "maker" : "한성"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

 

netsted

PUT product-nested
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "detail": {
        "type": "nested",
        "properties": {
          "gift": {
            "type": "text"
          },
          "maker": {
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}


PUT product-nested/_doc/1
{
  "detail": [
    {
      "gift" : "마우스패드",
      "maker": "레노버"
    },
    {
      "gift" : "키보드",
      "maker": "한성"
    }
  ]
}

PUT product-nested/_doc/2
{
  "detail": [
    {
      "gift" : "헤드셋",
      "maker": "삼성"
    },
    {
      "gift" : "마우스패드",
      "maker": "한성"
    }
  ]
}

GET product-nested/_search
{
  "query": {
    "nested": {
      "path": "detail",
      "query": {
        "bool": {
          "must": [
            {
              "match": {
                "detail.gift": "마우스패드"
              }
            },
            {
              "match": {
                "detail.maker": "한성"
              }
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

결과 1개

{
  "took" : 4,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.3862942,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "product-nested",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.3862942,
        "_source" : {
          "detail" : [
            {
              "gift" : "헤드셋",
              "maker" : "삼성"
            },
            {
              "gift" : "마우스패드",
              "maker" : "한성"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}